Electron-transfer reactions occur rapidly. Which of the following statements best describes how the diffusion of ubiquinone is controlled in order to ensure its proximity to the other enzyme complexes?
(a) Ubiquinone is anchored directly in the inner mitochondrial membrane via its hydrocarbon tail, and can only diffuse laterally.
(b) Ubiquinone is present at high concentrations, minimizing the impact of diffusion on the electron-transport chain.
(c) Ubiquinone becomes covalently attached to the other enzyme complexes.
(d) The intermembrane space in the mitochondrion is relatively small, and therefore the random diffusion of these molecules is not a problem.
Answer:

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